Shopping malls pdf

Giant organized retailers use their monopoly buying power to squeeze small producers of agricultural as well as manufactured products. The experience of the farmers of. The farmers become dependent upon the inputs, credit and technology supplied by the food retailers and end up being at their mercy in terms of prices for their produce and quality standards. Contract farming, which is the preferred mode of operations as far as the agribusiness corporations and food retailers are concerned, has led to agrarian distress in many places.

Moreover, uncontrolled diversification in agriculture away from foodgrains can imperil food security. In the backdrop of the crisis being already faced in Indian agriculture, the entry of large retailers with monopsonistic control can aggravate the situation.

The proliferation of large format retail outlets reshapes the urban landscape in myriad ways. Land use patterns change drastically, often in violation of city plans. Given the unplanned and chaotic path of urban development witnessed in India over the past decade and a half, and the pathetic state of urban infrastructure, the proliferation of large format retailers will only accelerate the undesirable trends of predatory real estate development and unsustainable pressures on urban infrastructure and the environment.

Rather than enhancing choices for the consumers, especially the lower income groups, proliferation of large format retail stores would kill competition, lead to closure of neighbourhood markets and make consumers solely dependent upon the organized retailers. This would also increase the propensity to use private vehicles for shopping thus leading to more pollution. Regulation of the organized retail sector has to address all these areas of concern mentioned above. Organized retail cannot be allowed to grow in a way, which displaces existing unorganized retailers, jeopardizing livelihoods in the absence of other employment opportunities.

It has to be ensured that competition is not stifled and potentially monopolistic practices in credit, input and output markets are not encouraged by the entry of large corporate retailers. Moreover, undue pressure on urban infrastructure and the environment arising out of the proliferation of large format retailers has to be prevented. For finding out various details of our project we have to find the various factors which is making the shopping malls so attractive to the customer.

We have to visit various shopping malls and by observation method we have to find out the various factors which is making these malls so attractive to the customer, we also need to interview the customer and ask them about their choice and preferences like what are the thing they like about the shopping malls that includes variety, price shopping environment, service, cleanliness, attainability etc. And for finding out the impact of these malls on the small retailers we need to interview some small retailer and know their opinion and position.

For finding out the objective, a small survey has been done by me. When asked whether they are aware of the condition of the small retailer due to these shopping malls? When people from the young age group were asked where they prefer shopping and why, this is what we found? Response in percentage come to the shopping malls go to the small retailer.

When asked whether they are aware of the condition of the small retailer due to theses shopping mall. Response in percentage of them preferred shopping in malls: price, environment and variety where the main factors according to them. When asked, who according to them are the customers who are still loyal to them. Manily People of the older age group for whom distance from there home is a prime factor and the customer with whom they had a very good and long relationship are the ones who are still loyal.

When asked should the government interfere in between and give them protection? Response in percentage said yes, the government must act at once and give them some protection. Retailing is a " technology-intensive" industry. It is technology that will help the organized retailers to score over the unorganized retailers.

Successful organized retailers today work closely with their vendors to predict consumer demand, shorten lead times, reduce inventory holding and ultimately save cost. On an average a super market stocks up to SKU's against a few hundreds stocked with an average unorganized retailer. Less Conversion level : Despite high footfalls, the conversion ratio has been very low in the retail outlets in a mall as compared to the standalone counter parts. Customer Loyalty: Retail chains are yet to settle down with the proper merchandise mix for the mall outlets.

While the metros have already been exploited, the focus has now been shifted towards the tier-II cities. Rural Retailing: India's huge rural population has caught the eye of the retailers looking for new areas of growth. ITC launched India's first rural mall "Chaupal Saga" offering a diverse range of products from FMCG to electronic goods to automobiles, attempting to provide farmers a one-stop destination for all their needs.

If the unorganized retailers are put together, they are parallel to a large supermarket with no or little overheads, high degree of flexibility in merchandise, display, prices and turnover.

Shopping Culture: Shopping culture has not developed in India as yet. Even now malls are just a place to hang around with family and friends and largely confined to window- shopping. Small retailers need protection and policy support in order to compete with organized retail. The policy proposes several positive steps to provide security to street vendors considering it as an initiative towards urban poverty alleviation.

However, what is required is a more comprehensive policy, which addresses the needs of small retailers, especially in terms of access to institutional credit and know how to upgrade their businesses. A regulatory framework for organized retail should also be framed.

Since the operations of organized retailers impact upon various sectors of the economy, policy guidelines should be framed involving all the relevant Departments, namely Commerce, Agriculture and Urban Development.

Moreover, since regulation of the large format retailers would mainly be in the domain of the states and local bodies, State Governments have to be consulted and involved in the process of framing policy guidelines. A Central legislation or a Model legislation, which can be enacted by the State Governments, may also be considered for this purpose. In addition, the UPA Government should also abandon the moves to permit FDI in retail trade through the back door, as in the case of the joint venture between Wal-Mart and Bharti whereby the former proposes to operate in the cash-and-carry segment while the latter in the front-end.

It is more than obvious that this proposed joint venture is nothing but a subterfuge, to circumvent the existing policy regime, which does not allow FDI in retail. The UPA Government should take a categorical position on this issue. Not allowing MNCs to operate in the retail sector should be the starting point of the national policy on retail. The issues, which need to be addressed in the regulatory framework for organized retail, have already been discussed above.

Some suggestions are made below which seek to address those issues:. A system of licensing should be introduced for organized retail. Any retail outlet with floor area over an appropriate minimum floor area should require prior license from local authorities city corporations or municipalities.

Corporate entities should not be allowed to operate retail outlets below the specified minimum floor area 2. The authority to grant licenses should be the urban local bodies. The system should be devised in a manner so that there is transparency in the process of granting licenses in order to prevent corrupt practices.

A process of open bids for granting licenses may be considered. Considering the multiplicity of formats of organized retail, there should be separate sets of regulations for each format, based on floor area. Slabs should be set for the different retail formats, like discount stores, supermarkets, hypermarkets, shopping malls etc based on floor area. Licenses for each format should be given on the basis of a population criterion, i.

The criteria may vary between states and cities depending upon the nature of the retail sector and needs of consumers. However, a commonality should exist in terms of assessing the employment impact by the local authorities. There should be appropriate caps both on the total number of large format retail outlets that are being granted licenses in particular areas as well as on the maximum floor area for a retail outlet.

In case a license is granted for a large format retailer within an existing commercial area, it should only be on the basis of an agreement to share a substantial proportion of its floor area with small retailers at concessional rent.

The allotment of space to small retailers in such cases should be done by the license issuing authority. Giant retail outlets like hypermarkets, which attract large numbers of customers should have adequate parking space and should ideally be located outside city limits.

Environmental Impact assessment should also be mandatory for giant retail outlets whose floor area exceeds a specified limit.

There are more than parking spaces in this facility. However, it is still near the entrance. All the parking spaces are angled, set out at a 90o angle. Yellow road paint has been used to demarcate parking spaces while a group of parking lots on the same stretch is separated by a planted curb that also holds the security lights.

There is the use of signs to enhance quick flow of traffic and avoid accidents and confusion in the parking lot. The security lights provided make the parking lot safe at night. The wood canopy provided for the pavement from the parking lot to the mall buildings makes the walk comfortable away from the suns heat.

The materials used on this piece i. Canopy providing shade for walk from parking to mall buildings. Three wooded courtyards were designed. In the pleasant outdoor space, courtyards also ensure thermal comfort within the blocks. Recreational Facilities There are four cinemas, a food court and indoor play areas. Apart from these, the mall has a landscaped area where patrons can take walks, sit down and relax as they take in the views of the mountains and stream to the North of the mall.

Several view areas have been provided as points to take in the views in the landscaped area. The recreational activity in these two areas takes The external circulation at Serramar is dynamic and interesting, place within only. Decks are provided throughout the planted internal squares between the blocks for navigation and these decks are shaded by bamboo louvers. Internally, each block houses a specific function, and thus circulation is provided specifically for that block according to its function.

We opted for a nonclimate of the corridors, only mechanical ventilators to enhance air circulation. The only air-conditioned areas are the food court and shops. We use bamboo louvers to shade and protect better the circulation areas. The yellowish color Indoor play area at Serramar Parque Shopping of bamboo, along with the wood tones found in internal squares were inserted to have a more intimate Atmosphere.

This is because the best views of this site are towards this direction where the mountains and the stream are visible. Thus, one is able to relax in the food zone as they dine or drink and this doubles as a recreational activity.

To favor the panoramic view of the mountains, the food court is open out of the mall, consisting of an enclosed area with transparent glasses and heated, and an outside deck that allows a pleasant contemplation of space to the mountains, and also to a stream.

The design of these totems is designed so that the air flow does not reach the people at face level. The air movement speed is not high enough to cause discomfort, but sufficient to cause the cooling sensation of the body. In yards, the ventilation ducts are buried inside the concrete boxes with We opted for a nonclimate of the corridors, only mechanical an opening for air intake above the ground level. The only air-conditioned Foodarecourt areas outdoor the food court anddeck shops. The yellowish color of bamboo, along with the wood tones found in internal squares were inserted to have a more intimate Atmosphere.

COURT YARDS Considering the climatic conditions of the region, the architects provides These bamboo canopies have important functional characteristics as filter direct sunlight, ensuring a shaded area and minimizing the impact of discomfort in the case of more heavy rain as it avoids direct splashing in the corridors.

The area is prone to dengue, the breading ground for mosquitoes So they decided to remove the plants and ensure the peace of the customers. Bromeliad is the symbol of the city and for this reason was chosen by landscaping team. The plant in its natural environment , as the ecosystem that forms in plant tank does not allow the development of the larvae of the mosquito that transmits dengue. Sun shading is provided by slanting of the faces of East and West facing facades such that they protrude past the wide windows.

This keeps the form simple without clutter in sun-shading elements that would otherwise seem too much in the design of a shopping mall. The coatings of the blocks are simple, with textured pasta special and the details coated with brown corrugated sheet metal. Yellow bamboo louvers are used to provide shade and protection to circulation areas. Timber has also been used to cover walkways from the parking to the built up area.

The use wood and bamboo compliments the wooden tones found in the inner squares of the mall. The finish of the blocks that make up the mall is simple, consisting of textured monolithic mass and covered with a brown metal plate detail. The use of transparent glass on the wide windows especially on the food court gives a good view to the Mountains and the stream.

Materials were chosen with a rustic look, linked to a more coastal language, but also be easy to maintain and present a long life. Additional balcony, bamboo, giving a warm Aesthetic sense. Open navigation menu. Close suggestions Search Search. User Settings. Skip carousel.

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Explore Documents. Standards For Shopping Mall. Uploaded by halfbloodCHB. Did you find this document useful? Is this content inappropriate? Dating from to B. In the 1st to 5th centuries C.

The first walk-in shops with internal counters were established in Holland in In , the Galerie de Orlean was the first arcade in Paris and featured an enclosed covered way to protect shoppers.

In , the invention of plate glass facilitated the development of shop fronts to showcase goods. In , New Trade Halls opened in Moscow; it featured three arcade areas that allowed for up to 1, shopping units. The key factors in these early phases of the evolution of the shopping mall are the connection of the shops and the city, the inherent civic nature, the uses of technology, and the idea of an admixture of different types of shops.

At the end of the 19th century, the chain store was invented. Especially in the 21st Century, chain stores often make up the majority of shops in malls. Similarly, the evolution of the supermarket would also lead to many of the traditions found in the shopping mall. In the 20th- century United States, cities were beset with population growth, congestion, and intense traffic; coupled with these facts were new technological developments in lighting and ventilation.

Spanning 1 million square feet sq ft of shopping space, Southdale was revolutionary in that it was a fully enclosed shopping space.

As the U. Megamalls One contemporary trend of shopping malls is increasing size. King of Prussia Mall Pennsylvania, 2,, sq ft of retail space, stores , Mall of America Minnesota, 2,, sq ft, stores , and South Coast Plaza California, 2,, sq ft, stores are examples of U.

In Canada, the West Edmonton Mall occupies 6 million sq ft 3,, sq ft of retail space and features more than stores 8 anchors and 20, parking spaces. Other Types of Malls In addition to the emergence of mega shopping malls and regional malls malls designed to serve a large population and geographic area , there is the development of the outlet mall a mall that features a number of name-brand retailers and that offers discount prices, such as Woodbury Commons, New York , the big box retailer a major store, such as Wal-Mart, that models the shopping mall concept by enclosing variety goods and services within one space , and the strip mall a horizontal layout of stores arranged side by side, often accompanied by a large anchor store.

People are encouraged to come inside a fully closed, protected, and controlled space that offers a multitude of consumer goods. Because malls are self-contained, people are encouraged to spend the entirety of a day there. People from across the United States, even from around the world, travel to spend days in a shopping mall. Food courts are a staple feature of malls. Many of the dining establishments in them feature nonorganic, nonlocal, and non- nutritious food.

People are also encouraged to spend their post-shopping time partaking in entertainment. Many malls, including Mall of America, feature small theme parks, movie theaters, video arcades, wedding chapels, and even ice rinks.

Malling would seem to indicate that part of the problem with overconsumption can be connected to the prevalence of the shopping mall. Criticisms Santana Row, located in San Jose, California, is one example of the emerging trend of lifestyle centers. Similar study done in Indian markets by Patel and Singh, has same hypothesis but in urban context, research variables are same for this study and Patel and Singh, studies.

These motivators include environmental factor component: shopping convenience Location ; information seeking; social interactions; recreational experience facilities ; variety seeking and immediate possession.

It seems that location is the most important factor that motivates shopper due to its time saving property and plays a vital role in the growth of online retail shopping, whereas consumers who are more interested in immediate possession of the product and social interactions with the retailer or shopkeeper tends to shop offline. According to Leslie, et al. Shopping mall environment is influenced by its shoppers and values which are of two specific dimensions hedonic and utilitarian values Babin et all.

It demonstrates the advantages of a behaviour model that addresses visual attention and an increase in visual stimuli during the process. The basic essence of study was that the modern marketing by its various techniques, including uses of colours, can be a reason of enhanced sale and customer selection rate of the product get higher than other traditional marketing techniques Clement, Theories with different perspectives such as value, credence and information have insufficient analysis on the visual impact at the point of sale Hansen and Solgaard, The variables such as music, colour and crowding have a great impact on atmosphere.

It is always not possible that atmosphere influence the consumer to buy, sometimes the consumer is not aware of the influence or impact of the atmosphere but sometimes a small change in the environment can bring a large change at how shoppers shop inside a store.

Many researches were conducted on the existence of atmospheric effect but there are not much researches that explains, control and predict those behaviours that contribute to have an impact on atmosphere. Colour scheme is used to test the effect on mall atmosphere.

Red is considered as physically arousing and blue is said to be more energetic and positive. The result suggests that more emphasize should be given to the energetic and positive aspects rather than arousing aspects of colours. Another aspect is discussed in this study that colours can be used in switching the moods of the customers usually their family to shop, blue colour cast a pleasant effect on to the moods of those customers who are already tired and have busy routine.

Customers adapt to environment where they usually shop Hilgard et al. When the environment contains pleasant features and casts joyful impact on the surroundings, it would certainly target customers to the mall because of enjoyment and joy factor.

Intuitive hedonic beliefs were tested here with the help of scenarios and individual results, and results showed that how the factor of liking is deeply attached to every single purchase done by the customer in which its surroundings factors are involved. According to research conducted by Vanessa, et al. They studied three environmental factors: 1 Atmosphere 2 facilities 3 location 4 entertainment and 5 features.

Thus, there is no study regarding relationship among Shopping mall environment and Consumer attitude both in Retail chains or in shopping mall context. In this study, using questionnaires three independent environmental components atmosphere, facilities and location are tested against tri-component based consumer attitude model feelings, beliefs and behavioural intentions. Mall environment independent variable and Consumer attitude is dependent variable to consider in this study.

A non- probability sampling in which convenience procedure was adopted in which shoppers or customers entering in malls were being requested to participate in this study. Respondents were helped by trained administrators, where for females a female administrator who solicited their participation and for men male administrator helped them.

A total of usable responses out of sample size were received. These respondents were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire in English and these were translated orally by administrated for their convenience. Questionnaire contained shopping mall environmental components, atmosphere, and location, facility to know their feelings, beliefs and behavioural intension items.

It took approximately 5 to 10 minutes for each respondent to complete the survey. To eliminate any biasness that may be due to peak hours, time of day, busy day of a week like weekends. This research survey was conducted during four random days in different timing. The independent variable used in this study is Environmental Factors of shopping malls based on following components: 1 atmosphere; 2 facility; 3 location.

The dependent variable of this study is Attitude based on following components: 1 feeling; 2 beliefs; 3 behavioural intentions. Questionnaire was based on Likert scale with five options, starting from Strongly Disagree, to Neither Agree nor Disagree, to extreme of Strongly Agree. No secondary data was used and study was based totally on Primary source of data collection data and SPSS software tool was used for statistical analysis. For behavioural intention component scale was adapted from Kim, et al.

In section three shopping mall environment was analysed, for atmosphere scale was adapted from Han, et al. For location component scale was adapted from Ahmad The data is based on surveys and questionnaire. Almost questionnaires have been distributed among the consumer in order to collect data. The population used for this study was the convenience sampling based, sample was built on Consumer of shopping Malls.

It is the simultaneous combination of multiple factors to assess how and to what extent they affect a certain outcome. It is used to check the relationship among single dependent variable and several independent variables and it must be significant.

Data reliability and validity was tested using KMO that basically indicates strength of relationships among variables and should be above 0. Cronbach's alpha is a measure of internal consistency, that is, how closely related a set of items are as a group.

Another test applied was descriptive statistics that covers basic statistical tools consisting of number of observation based on Sample size, Mean and standard Deviation. To cover assumptions of Regression analysis and to predict relationship among variables, Bivariate Pearson Correlations applied. For regression analysis, using SPSS Overall model fit was tested, that estimates R - R is the square root of R-Squared and is the correlation between the observed and predicted values of dependent variable; R-Square proportion of variance in the dependent variable which can be explained by the independent variables; Adjusted R-square adjustment of the R-squared that penalizes the addition of extraneous predictors to the model; Std.

To know coefficients, Parameter estimate was used that includes standardized and non-standardized coefficients, beta, t-statistics, significance and collinearity statistics that includes Tolerance and VIF.